Nurture

The Influence of LMX and TMX on Employee Attitudes and Performance Moderated by Individual Differences

Dorothea Wahyu Ariani — 2025-04-05

Purpose: Individual differences as dispositional factors influencing attitudes and behaviors in the workplace are still in need of further exploration. Therefore, this study aimed to examine employee engagement (WEN) as a mediator in the relationship between leaders and subordinates (LMX) as well as team-member exchange (TMX) on out-of-role performance (OCB). It also analyzed how factors such as gender, organizational position, tenure, and education acted as moderators in the relationship model.

Methods: A total of 500 employees from small and medium enterprises (SMEs) including both leaders and operational employees participated in this study. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were also assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis as well as internal consistency measured by Cronbach's Alpha. Furthermore, structural equation modeling was adopted to examine the proposed relationship model.

Findings: The results consistently found that WEN mediated the influence of social exchange in the organization on employee attitudes and performance. Gender, organizational position, and tenure were found to be moderating variables while education showed no significant moderating influence. A detailed discussion of the results was presented in this study.

Research Implications/Limitations: This study strengthens the evidence that individual differences play a role in determining how relationships with leaders and coworkers affect attitudes and work outcomes. Research with longitudinal data and other assessments can further prove the mediation model.

Practical Implications: Companies need to pay attention to individual differences of their employees. LMX and TMX may affect employees' work attitudes and performance differently because of these differences.

Factors Affecting the Ability to Mobile Deposits of Joint Stock Commercial Banks

Vu Thuy Linh — 2025-04-21

Purpose: This study shows the level of influence of factors on the ability to mobilize deposits of joint stock commercial banks through survey and analysis of data recovery of 37 joint stock commercial banks in Vietnam.

Design/methodology/approach: The article uses two basic research methods including: qualitative and quantitative research. In which, the qualitative method is a synthesis of research works related to the article, thereby determining the research hypothesis. The quantitative method is implemented on the basis of building a scale for 8 factors affecting the ability to mobilize deposits and survey data, analysis from 37 joint stock commercial banks in Vietnam to test the published hypotheses.

Findings: The research results show that 5/8 factors have an impact on the ability to mobilize deposits of joint stock commercial banks in Vietnam, including: bank brand (BB), interest rate policy (IRP), marketing policy (MP), service quality (SQ) and depositor awareness (DP).

Conclusion: Of which, bank brand is the strongest impact factor, depositor awareness has the weakest impact on the ability to mobilize deposits of commercial banks Vietnam.

Limitations/significance of the study: From the results of this study, the author makes recommendations for commercial banks in Vietnam in their deposit mobilization activities.

Practical significance: The results of this study are completely consistent with previous domestic and foreign studies.

Contribution in terms of documents: The study provides necessary information to help joint stock commercial banks in Vietnam improve their ability to mobilize deposits in the coming time.

Neighbours of People Who use Nyaope are Anxious Too!

Oria Ramatsui — 2025-04-21

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of anxiety symptoms among neighbours of people who use nyaope. Nyaope, a very addictive substance with severe consequential social and behavioral impacts, is reported to contribute to mental disorders including anxiety symptoms among family members of users. However, the members of the immediate community are also affected due to various activities associated with nyaope usage.

Methodology: A quantitative design was used to collect data from four hundred and twenty-two (422) adult neighbours of people who use nyaope in six townships of Tshwane Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire that was used to screen for anxiety symptoms had the following four categories: no symptoms, mild, moderate and severe symptoms.

Findings: The participants were comprised of 48,46% males and 51,54% females and their age ranged from 18 to 88 years. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 53.62 % (n=222), with the majority presenting mild symptoms (n=112; 27.05%), followed by moderate (n=78; 18.84%) and severe (n=32; 7.73%). The factors associated with anxiety symptoms were age, gender and religion.

Conclusion: Neighbours of people using nyaope have anxiety symptoms that are higher than the general public. The community around nyaope usage is mostly assumed to be disaffected by this, but the study proves otherwise.

Practical Implications: Psycho-social support should be provided to community members living in areas of rife nyaope use.

Contribution to Literature: This study would contribute important literature on how nyaope usage affects the immediate community.